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Yakuts ( ''Sakha''), are Turkic people〔Yakut - an ethnic group in northeastern Siberia: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Yakuts〕 who mainly inhabit the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The Yakut language belongs to the Siberian branch of the Turkic languages. Yakuts mainly live in the Republic of Sakha in the Russian Federation, with some extending to the Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin regions, and the Taymyr and Evenki Autonomous Districts. The Yakuts are divided into two basic groups based on geography and economics. Yakuts in the north are historically semi-nomadic hunters, fishermen, reindeer breeders, while southern Yakuts engage in animal husbandry focusing on horses and cattle.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Yakuts )〕 ==Origin and history== An ancestor of Yakuts were Kurykans who is migrated from Yenisey river to Baikal Lake.〔(V.A. Stepanov "Origin of Sakha: Analysis of Y-chromosome Haplotypes" ) Molecular Biology, 2008, Volume 42, No 2, p. 226-237,2008〕〔(V.A. Stepanov "Origin of Sakha: Analysis of Y-chromosome Haplotypes" - Migration map )〕〔(Происхождение якутов ) (Russian)〕 around VII c. AD. Newly arrived Kurykans intermingled with Mongolic tribes of Baikal area. 〔 The Yakuts originally lived around Olkhon and the region of Lake Baikal. Beginning in the 13th century they migrated to the basins of the Middle Lena, the Aldan and Vilyuy rivers under the pressure of the rising Mongols, where they mixed with other northern indigenous peoples of Russia such as the Evens and Evenks. The northern Yakuts were largely hunters, fishermen and reindeer herders, while the southern Yakuts raised cattle and horses. In the 1620s Russia began to move into their territory and annexed or settled down on it, imposed a fur tax, and managed to suppress several Yakut rebellions between 1634 and 1642. Russian brutality in collection of the pelt tax (''yasak'') sparked a rebellion and aggression among the Yakuts and also Tungusic-speaking tribes along the River Lena in 1642. The voivode Peter Golovin, leader of the Russian forces, responded with a reign of terror: native settlements were torched or educated by non-traditional system and hundreds of other people presumably were tortured and some militaries were killed. The Yakut population alone is estimated to have fallen by 70 percent between 1642 and 1682 because of the infection deceases from Chinese salesemen. In the 18th century the Russians reduced the pressure, gave Yakut chiefs some privileges, granted freedom for all habitats, gave them all their lands, sent Orthodox missions, and educated the Yakut people regarding agriculture. The discovery of gold and, later, the building of the Trans-Siberian Railway, brought ever-increasing numbers of Russians into the region. By the 1820s almost all the Yakuts had been converted to the Russian Orthodox church, although they retained, and still retain, a number of Shamanist practices. Yakut literature began to rise in the late 19th century. A national revival occurred in the early 20th century. In 1922, the new Soviet government named the area the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The last conflict of the Russian Civil War, known as the Yakut Revolt, occurred here when Cornet Mikhail Korobeinikov, a White Russian officer, led an uprising and a last stand against the Red Army. In the late 1920s through the late 1930s, Yakut people were systematically persecuted, when Joseph Stalin launched his collectivization campaign.〔Book of Peoples of the World: A Guide to Cultures, ed. by Davis, Harrison, Howe, National Geographic Books, ç2008, p.141〕 It's possible that hunger and malnutrition resulting from the period resulted in a decline in the Yakut total population from 240,500 in 1926 to 236,700 in 1959. By 1972, the population began to recover. Currently, Yakuts form a large plurality of the total population within the vast Sakha Republic. According to the 2010 Russian census, there were a total of 466,492 Yakuts residing in the Sakha Republic during that year, or 49.9% of the total population of the Republic. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yakuts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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